T‐cell activation is mediated by antigen‐specific signals from the TCRζ/CD3 and CD4–CD8–
p56lck complexes in combination with additional co‐signals provided by coreceptors such …

The ability of naive T cells to clonally expand and acquire effector functions depends on the
strength of signals received by the T-cell receptor (TCR) and by an array of co-stimulatory …

Azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are immunosuppressive drugs that
are used in organ transplantation and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such …

Positive and negative costimulation by members of the CD28 family is critical for the
development of productive immune responses against foreign pathogens and their proper …

CD28 costimulation regulates a wide range of cellular processes, from proliferation and
survival to promoting the differentiation of specialized T-cell subsets. Since first being …

Many studies have shown the central importance of the co-receptors CD28, inducible
costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in the …

Azathioprine is among the oldest pharmacologic immunosuppressive agents in use today.
Initially developed as a long-lived prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), it was quickly found …

The RhoGTPases, with RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac being major members, are a group of key
ubiquitous proteins present in all eukaryotic organisms that subserve such important …

We have shown recently that the azathioprine metabolite 6-Thio-GTP causes
immunosuppression by blockade of GTPase activation in T lymphocytes. In the present …

T‐cell proliferation and function depends on signals from the antigen‐receptor complex
(TCR/CD3) and by various co‐receptors such as CD28 and CTLA‐4. The balance of positive …