The thioredoxin (Trx) system, which is composed of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR),
and thioredoxin, is a key antioxidant system in defense against oxidative stress through its …

Virus-induced cell death has long been thought of as a double-edged sword in the inhibition
or exacerbation of viral infections. The vital role of iron, an essential element for various …

Redox biochemistry is increasingly recognized as an integral component of cellular signal
processing and cell fate decision making. Unfortunately, our capabilities to observe and …

The prevailing view is that disulfide bonds have been added during evolution to enhance
the stability of proteins that function in a fluctuating cellular environment. However, recent …

Upon antigen stimulation, T lymphocytes undergo dramatic changes in metabolism to fulfill
the bioenergetic, biosynthetic and redox demands of proliferation and differentiation …

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functional roles of disulfide bonds
and their relevance to human disease. The critical roles of disulfide bonds in protein …

Tumour-associated ligands of the activating NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D; also
called KLRK1) receptor—which are induced by genotoxic or cellular stress—trigger …

The mechanism by which mechanical force regulates the kinetics of a chemical reaction is
unknown. Here, we use single-molecule force–clamp spectroscopy and protein engineering …

Recent genomic analysis has shown that proteins with immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)
domains are extremely abundant and their number has increased markedly in evolution …

The activation of initiator protein tissue factor (TF) is likely to be a crucial step in the blood
coagulation process, which leads to fibrin formation. The stimuli responsible for inducing TF …