Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

Some neurons in the mammalian auditory system are able to detect and report the
coincident firing of inputs with remarkable temporal precision. A strong, low‐voltage …

The integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs is fundamental to neuronal
processing. In the mammalian auditory brainstem, neurons compare excitatory and …

Feedforward inhibition sharpens the precision of neurons throughout ascending auditory
pathways, including the binaural neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO). However, the …

Gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons (INs) in the dentate gyrus (DG)
provide inhibitory control to granule cell (GC) activity and thus gate incoming signals to the …

The brainstem's lateral superior olive (LSO) is thought to be crucial for localizing high-
frequency sounds by coding interaural sound level differences (ILD). Its neurons weigh …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) enable sound localization by their remarkable
sensitivity to submillisecond interaural time differences (ITDs). Each MSO neuron has its …

Vulnerability to noise-induced tinnitus is associated with increased spontaneous firing rate
in dorsal cochlear nucleus principal neurons, fusiform cells. This hyperactivity is caused, at …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) and lateral superior olive (LSO) of the auditory
brainstem code for sound-source location in the horizontal plane, extracting interaural time …

Synaptic transmission via chemical synapses is dynamic, ie, the strength of postsynaptic
responses may change considerably in response to repeated synaptic activation. Synaptic …