Carbonatites and alkaline-silicate rocks are the most important sources of rare earth
elements (REE) and niobium (Nb), both of which are metals imperative to technological …

Water plays a critical role in erosion and sediment transport and this relationship is most
evident in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of Northern Chile, a region characterized by …

The dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in deep saline aquifer water is recognized as one
of the fundamental mechanisms in the subsurface for storing significant quantities of CO 2 …

Skarn deposits are one of the more abundant ore types in the earth's crust and form in rocks
of almost all ages. Skarn is a relatively simple rock type defined by a mineralogy usually …

Mineral replacement reactions take place primarily by dissolution-reprecipitation processes.
Processes such as cation exchange, chemical weathering, deuteric alteration, leaching …

Underground hydrogen storage in depleted gas reservoirs is a promising and economical
option for large-scale renewable energy storage to achieve net-zero carbon emission. While …

Mineralogical, textural and chemical analyses of clay-rich materials following firing,
evidence that initial mineralogical differences between two raw materials (one with …

Reactive transport modeling is an essential tool for the analysis of coupled physical,
chemical, and biological processes in Earth systems, and has additional potential to better …

The formation of ore deposits and the patterns of mineral alteration in rocks frequently
involves the transport of large amounts of dissolved solids, sometimes transiently, but often …

A new approach to water-rock interaction is developed which replaces the assumption of
partial equilibrium with a complete calculation of the rates at which minerals form and …