Surplus dairy calves consist of all dairy bull calves and any heifer calves not needed as
replacements for the milking herd. The fate of these surplus calves varies by region; for …

The care of surplus dairy calves is a significant issue for the United States and Canadian
dairy industries. Surplus dairy calves commonly experience poor welfare as evidenced by …

As awareness grows, some traditional management practices used by the dairy industry will
be questioned by members of the public. Therefore, to maintain its social license to operate …

Agriculture will play a central role in meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets, as
the sector currently contributes∼ 22% of global emissions. Because emissions are directly …

Animals are essential genetic tools in scientific research and global resources in agriculture.
In both arenas, a single sex is often required in surplus. The ethical and financial burden of …

The high emissions intensity of terrestrial animal source food (TASF) and projected
increasing demand in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) have spurred interest in the …

In the three decades since its inception, the sex-sorting technology has progressed
significantly. However, field studies report conflicting findings regarding reproductive …

Artificial insemination (AI) is important for genetic improvement and to control the period of
breeding in buffalo and has increased significantly over the past 20 years. AI is more difficult …

The contribution of the calf enterprise to the profit of the dairy farm is generally considered
small, with beef bull selection on dairy farms often not considered a high priority. However …

The use of sexed semen in dairy and beef farms ensures the production of animals of the
desired sex, resulting in a reduction of costs and an improvement of environmental …