Existing global volcanic radiative aerosol forcing estimates portray the period 700 to 1000 as
volcanically quiescent, void of major volcanic eruptions. However, this disagrees with …

The Eldgjá eruption is the largest basalt lava flood of the Common Era. It has been linked to
a major ice‐core sulfur (S) spike in 939–940 CE and Northern Hemisphere summer cooling …

Two large volcanic eruptions contributed to extreme cold temperatures during the early
1800s, one of the coldest phases of the Little Ice Age. While impacts from the massive 1815 …

Polar ice cores provide long, continuous and well-dated records of past volcanism and have
contributed significantly to our understanding of volcanic impacts on climate and society …

Regional tephrochronological frameworks serve as dating and correlating tools that enable
critical assessment of the validity of single cryptotephra findings. In this study, our aim was to …

The Ptolemaic era (305–30 BCE) represents an important period of Ancient Egyptian history
known for its major material and scientific advances, but also ongoing episodes of political …

Radiocarbon dating marine sediments is complicated by the strongly heterogeneous age of
ocean waters. Tephrochronology provides a well-established method to constrain the age of …

Perturbations in stratospheric aerosol due to explosive volcanic eruptions are a primary
contributor to natural climate variability. Observations of stratospheric aerosol are available …

The blinding of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI in Constantinople in August 797 and
his overthrow by his mother Eirene, who then until 802 ruled as first female emperor of the …

Evaluating the impact of environmental changes on past societies is frequently confounded
by the difficulty of establishing cause-and-effect at relevant scales of analysis. Commonly …