The basic structure and dynamics of the primary electric current systems in the Earth's
magnetosphere are presented and discussed. In geophysics, the word current is used to …

Both heliophysics and planetary physics seek to understand the complex nature of the solar
wind's interaction with solar system obstacles like Earth's magnetosphere, the ionospheres …

Improved techniques have been developed for empirical modeling of the high‐latitude
electric potentials and magnetic field‐aligned currents (FAC) as a function of the solar wind …

Twenty one differences between CME‐driven geomagnetic storms and CIR‐driven
geomagnetic storms are tabulated.(CME‐driven includes driving by CME sheaths, by …

In this paper we continue the community‐wide rigorous modern space weather model
validation efforts carried out within GEM, CEDAR and SHINE programs. In this particular …

The classic accepted view of the heliosphere is a quiescent, comet-like shape aligned in the
direction of the Sun's travel through the interstellar medium (ISM) extending for thousands of …

We illustrate some fundamental alterations of the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction that
occur during low Mach number solar wind. We first show that low Mach number solar wind …

Multiple properties of the solar wind that affect the earth are summarized in this overview. 13
specific solar-wind parameters that influence geomagnetic activity, the plasma sheet, the …

Two collections of substorms are created: 28,464 substorms identified with jumps in the
SuperMAG AL index in the years 1979–2015 and 16,025 substorms identified with electron …

A formula that expresses the dayside reconnection rate in terms of upstream solar wind
parameters is derived and tested. The derivation is based on the hypothesis that dayside …