Background Diabetes mellitus increases the susceptibility to infection by altering both the
innate and the adaptive immune systems. Hyperglycemia has been associated with adverse …

Both cardio-and microvascular complications adversely affect the life quality of patients with
diabetes and have been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in this population …

Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, and improved
strategies for prevention and treatment are needed. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to …

Defining new approaches for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is an important
priority. Recently, measurement of endothelial function in patients has emerged as a useful …

oxygen species (such as superoxide anion) that inactivate NO to form peroxynitrite. 27, 28
Hyperglycemia may initiate this process by increasing superoxide anion production via the …

HDL cholesterol activates endothelial cell production of the atheroprotective signaling
molecule NO, and it promotes endothelial repair. In this issue of the JCI, Besler et al. provide …

Neuropathy is the most common and debilitating complication of diabetes and results in
pain, decreased motility, and amputation. Diabetic neuropathy encompasses a variety of …

In this report, we show that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by the
mitochondrial electron transport chain activates the three major pathways of hyperglycemic …

Insulin has important vascular actions to stimulate production of nitric oxide from
endothelium. This leads to capillary recruitment, vasodilation, increased blood flow, and …

Evidence implicates hyperglycemia-derived oxygen free radicals as mediators of diabetic
complications. However, intervention studies with classic antioxidants, such as vitamin E …