Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a
surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis for human public health which threatens the
effective prevention and control of ever-increasing infectious diseases. The advent of …

Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a
major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental …

Worldwide, bacterial resistance to chemical antibiotics has reached such a high level that
endangers public health. Presently, the adoption of alternative strategies that promote the …

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens of humans and animals,
where it frequently colonizes skin and mucosal membranes. It is of major clinical importance …

Monoderm bacteria possess a cell envelope made of a cytoplasmic membrane and a cell
wall, whereas diderm bacteria have and extra lipid layer, the outer membrane, covering the …

Antibiotics have the remarkable power to control bacterial infections. Unfortunately,
widespread use, whether regarded as prudent or not, has favored the emergence and …

Currently, the bacterial resistance, especially to most commonly used antibiotics has proved
to be a severe therapeutic problem. Nosocomial and community-acquired infections are …

Bacteriophage lysins and related bacteriolytic enzymes are now considered among the top
antibiotic alternatives for solving the mounting resistance problem. Over the past 17 years …

Antibiotics have had a profound impact on human society by enabling the eradication of
otherwise deadly infections. Unfortunately, antibiotic use and overuse has led to the rapid …