Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD).
Epidemiologic, animal, human, and therapeutic studies support the role of oxidative stress …

Abstract α-Synucleinopathies (ASP) comprise adult-onset, progressive neurodegenerative
disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple …

DJ-1 is a redox-sensitive protein with several putative functions important in mitochondrial
physiology, protein transcription, proteasome regulation, and chaperone activity. High levels …

The activation of microglia and the various substances they produce have been linked to the
pathologic development of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the precise role of microglia in PD …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative
disease. Several genes have been associated with familial type PD, providing tremendous …

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, which has a
central role in a complex communication network established between neurons, astrocytes …

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the brain. Impairment in astrocyte
functions can critically influence neuronal survival and leads to neurodegeneration …

Abstract α-Synuclein (AS)-positive inclusions are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's
disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), all …

Gastrodin, the predominant constituent of a Chinese herbal medicine, has been utilized in
the prevention of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its mechanism of action remains …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder (after
Alzheimer's disease), and it is estimated that PD affects approximately 10 million individuals …