Nearly half of all patients with angina have non-obstructive coronary artery disease
(ANOCA); this is an umbrella term comprising heterogeneous vascular disorders, each with …

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is a highly prevalent condition of both structural and
functional coronary disorders in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery …

Background: A bolus thermodilution-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) has
emerged as the standard for assessing coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) …

Aims The microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) was introduced as a means to
characterize the vasodilator reserve capacity of the coronary microcirculation while …

Background: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an early feature of diabetic
cardiomyopathy, which usually precedes the onset of diastolic and systolic dysfunction …

Among the most common causes of death worldwide, ischemic heart disease (IHD) is
recognized to rank first. Even if atherosclerotic disease of the epicardial arteries is known as …

Hemodynamics interacts with the cellular components of human vessels, influencing
function and healthy status. Locally acting hemodynamic forces have been associated—by a …

Background Coronary flow reserve (CFR) and microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) are
physiological parameters to assess coronary microvascular dysfunction. CFR and MRR can …

Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) causes myocardial ischemia in a variety of clinical
scenarios. Clinical practice guidelines support routine testing for CMD in patients with …

The critical role of the coronary microvascular compartment and its invasive functional
assessment has become apparent in light of the significant proportion of patients presenting …