Cities are centres of innovation and wealth creation, but also hotspots of air pollution and
noise, heat island effects and lack of green space, which are all detrimental to human health …

BACKGROUND Human activity and decisions drive all life in cities. Worldwide, cities are
characterized by extensive anthropogenic transformation of the landscape, modification of …

Background Natural outdoor environments including green spaces play an important role in
preserving population health and wellbeing in cities, but the number of deaths that could be …

Introduction Half the world population lives in cities and this is likely to increase to 70% over
the next 20 years. Suboptimal urban and transport planning has led to eg high levels of air …

The health benefits of green space are well known, but the health effects of green
infrastructure less so. Green infrastructure goes well beyond the presence of green space …

The world's population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this population
will live in cities. Two-third of the European population already live in urban areas and this …

Shaping Neighbourhoods is unique in combining all aspects of the spatial planning of
neighbourhoods and towns whilst emphasising positive outcomes for people's health and …

Urban, socio-economic and eco-environmental influences on people's health are widely
studied and well-known. Their relation to COVID-19, however, is still a novel research topic …

Background Longitudinal evidence linking urban greenspace to reduced rates of all-cause
and cause-specific mortality has mostly been established using greenness measures of …

As cities strive to protect vulnerable residents from climate risks and impacts, recent studies
have identified a challenging link between these measures and gentrification processes that …