This paper surveys the experience of economic growth in the 20th century with a focus on
technological change at the frontier together with issues related to success and failure in …

Detailing the stunning rise of high frequency trading (HFT) in his 2014 best-seller Flash
Boys, Michael Lewis argues that high frequency traders have rigged the stock market to the …

Faced with intensifying competition for scientific impact measured in terms of citation counts,
small disciplines are challenged to prove their importance as they lack the critical mass to …

For the body of work known as the law and finance literature, the development of financial
markets and the concentration of ownership across countries is to a large extent the …

The paper offers textual evidence from a series of financial advice documents in the late
nineteenth century and the early twentieth century of how UK investors perceived of and …

This landmark research volume provides the first detailed history of entrepreneurship in
Britain from the nineteenth century to the present. Using a remarkable new database of more …

In 1910 the world had almost half a million corporations, only one‐hundredth of today's total.
About one‐fifth—with over half of corporate capital—were publicly tradable, higher portions …

To what extent has the British economy declined compared to its competitors and what are
the underlying reasons for this decline? Nicholas Crafts, one of the world's foremost …

Using ownership and control data for 890 firm‐years, this article examines the concentration
of capital and voting rights in B ritish companies in the second half of the nineteenth century …

By 1900 England had the largest stock market in the world and was the leading industrial
nation. Remarkably, freedom to incorporate as a limited liability company had been …