Roughly 2 billion ha of land are degraded and in need of ecological restoration worldwide.
Active restoration frequently involves revegetation, which leads to the dilemma of whether to …

Abstract Purpose of Review Forests provide multiple ecosystem services (ES) to society, and
the demand for ES is growing at the global level. However, how to manage forests for the …

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management is a new concept proposed in the EU Forest Strategy
for 2030, which aims to improve the conservation values and climate resilience of …

Fires can be ignited by people or by natural causes, which are almost exclusively lightning
strikes. Discriminating between lightning and anthropogenic fires is paramount when …

The wildland–urban interface (WUI) is the zone where human settlements are in or near
areas of fire-prone wildland vegetation. The WUI is widespread and expanding, with …

Abstract Mountain regions in Western Europe have gone through a massive rural–urban
migration and the collapse of their traditional socioeconomic system. As a result, forest has …

Agricultural works alter earth's surface at the largest scale among human-driven activities.
Previous studies have focused more on the reclamation of natural land, however, farmland …

Mountain forests are an efficient Forest-based Solution (FbS) for Ecosystem-based Disaster
Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) by lowering the frequency, magnitude, and/or intensity of natural …

The process of urbanization and infrastructure construction has resulted in the occupation
and loss of high-quality cropland. Complemented cropland with higher altitudes and slopes …

Key message We investigate the flux balance of managed and protected forests and the
effects of using wood. Flux parameters of CO2 uptake and respiration do not differ between …