Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, two new long-acting local anesthetics, have been
developed as an alternative to bupivacaine, after the evidence of its severe toxicity. Both of …

ANESTHESIA has become remarkably safe, and while death and permanent damage have
become rare occurrences, other sequelae of anesthesia are gaining more importance …

Two new, long-acting local anaesthetics have been developed after the evidence of
bupivacaine-related severe toxicity: levobupivacaine and ropivacaine. Both these agents …

Synopsis The enantiomerically pure (S-enantiomer) amide local anaesthetic drug
ropivacaine blocked nerve fibres responsible for transmission of pain (Aδ and fibres) more …

Ropivacaine (Naropin®) is the pure S (−)-enantiomer of propivacaine, and is a long-acting
amide local anaesthetic agent, eliciting nerve block via reversible inhibition of sodium ion …

Ropivacaine (Naropin®, AstraZeneca) a new long-acting amide local anaesthetic agent, is a
pure S-enantiomer, with a high pKa and relatively low-lipid solubility. Since its clinical …

Most of the recent developments in local anaesthetics have been a direct consequence of
the recognition, 20 yr ago, of the acute, life-threatening cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine. 5 All …

We studied the influence of age on the neural blockade and hemodynamic changes after the
epidural administration of ropivacaine 1.0% in patients undergoing orthopedic, urological …

Systemic and localised adverse effects of local anaesthetic drugs usually occur because of
excessive dosage, rapid absorption or inadvertent intravascular injection. Small children are …

Background Because general anesthesia with tracheal intubation can elicit life-threatening
bronchospasm in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity, epidural anesthesia is often …