The foundations of geometric morphometrics were worked out about 30 years ago and have
continually been refined and extended. What has remained as a central thrust and source of …

Morphometrics, the field of biological shape analysis, has undergone major change in
recent years. Most of this change has been due to the development and adoption of …

Geometric morphometrics (GM) has increasingly become an important tool in assessing and
studying shape variation in a wide variety of taxa. While the GM toolkit has unparalleled …

Compared to our closest living and extinct relatives, humans have a large, specialized, and
complex brain embedded in a uniquely shaped braincase. Here, we quantitatively compare …

The globular braincase of modern humans is distinct from all fossil human species, including
our closest extinct relatives, the Neandertals. Such adult shape differences must ultimately …

Until recently, our understanding of the evolution of human growth and development derived
from studies of fossil juveniles that employed extant populations for both age determination …

ABSTRACT The African Plio‐Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved derived
craniodental features frequently interpreted as adaptations for feeding on either hard, or …

Study of morphological form is fundamental to the discipline of paleoanthropology. The size
and shape of our ancestors' anatomical features have long been the focus of research on …

The taxonomic status of Homo erectus sensu lato has been a source of debate since the
early 1980s, when a series of publications suggested that the early African fossils may …

Neanderthals and modern humans exhibit distinct facial architectures. The patterning of
facial morphology of their predecessors, the Middle Pleistocene humans, is more mosaic …