What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the
functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the …

Abstract Dr. Thomas Dougherty and his Oncology Foundation of Buffalo were the first to
support my (SOG) research into the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the host …

As poikilothermic vertebrates, fish can experience changes in water temperature, and hence
body temperature, as a result of seasonal changes, migration, or efflux of large quantities of …

Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of
damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress …

Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections
of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased …

Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which
requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are positioned in tissues perinatally, constitutively express
receptors responsive to their organ microenvironments, and perform an arsenal of effector …

Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been viewed as a degenerative disease of cartilage, but
accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation has a critical role in its pathogenesis. In …

In this review, we support taking polarized immune responses in teleost fish from a
'macrophage first'point of view, a hypothesis that reverts the dichotomous T helper (TH) 1 …

CD4+ T cells are at the nexus of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.
However, little is known about the evolutionary history of CD4+ T cells, and it is unclear …