Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem that poses a threat to human
health and the environment. Water pollution by toxic heavy metals is a major cause of this …

Malaysia is one of the leading producers and exporters of oil palm, and the industry
contributes significantly to the growth of the national economy. Nonetheless, the …

This review illuminates the pivotal synergy between machine learning (ML) and
biopolymers, spotlighting their combined potential to reshape sustainable energy, fuels, and …

Waste biomass pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical conversion process for the
production of biofuels and sustainable materials. However, it is challenging to accurately …

Rice is the second-largest cultivated crop in the world, leaving 1.8 times rice straw as
residue, a valuable lignocellulosic feedstock for biorefinery. However, the lignocellulose …

Fast biomass pyrolysis is an effective method for bio-oil production and can be performed in
fluidised beds, augers, and drop-tube reactors. In this study, the fast pyrolysis of agricultural …

The accurate determination of biomass composition can enhance the efficacy of biofuel yield
evaluations and provide valuable estimates for process economic viability. This study …

Artificial intelligence (AI) including Machine learning (ML) has played a leading role in
advancing biofuel technology with applications ranging from product yield prediction …

Biomethane potential (BMP) is often used to evaluate the biogas potential during anaerobic
digestion (AD). However, BMP tests are complex and time-consuming. Therefore, the …

Biomass pyrolysis presents a viable solution to address the increasing global energy
demand, and substantial efforts have been devoted worldwide to monitoring the conversion …