Classically, the basal ganglia have been considered to have a role in producing habitual
and goal-directed behaviours. In this article, we review recent evidence that expands this …

The differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes is considered one of the most
challenging in neurology and error rates in the clinical diagnosis can be high even at …

Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily considered a disorder of initiation of actions,
patients also have deficits in inhibitory control, both in the motor and cognitive domains …

Apathy and impulsivity are common and disabling consequences of frontotemporal lobar
degeneration. They cause substantial carer distress, but their aetiology remains elusive …

Behavioural disinhibition is a common feature of the syndromes associated with
frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). It is associated with high morbidity and lacks …

Cognitive decline is a common feature of Parkinson's disease, and many of these cognitive
deficits fail to respond to dopaminergic therapy. Therefore, targeting other neuromodulatory …

Apathy and disinhibition are common and highly distressing neuropsychiatric symptoms
associated with negative outcomes in persons with dementia. This paper is a critical review …

Pathophysiological and atrophic changes in the cerebellum are documented in Parkinson's
disease. Without compensatory activity, such abnormalities could potentially have more …

A caregiver's all‐too‐familiar narrative‐“He doesn't think through what he does, but mostly
he does nothing.” Apathy and impulsivity, debilitating and poorly understood, commonly co …

Whilst initial anatomical studies of frontotemporal dementia focussed on cortical
involvement, the relevance of subcortical structures to the pathophysiology of frontotemporal …