By 2020, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the third cause of mortality.
Extrapulmonary comorbidities influence the prognosis of patients with COPD. Tobacco …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Age and smoking are common risk factors for COPD and other illnesses, often …

Patients with heart failure (HF) are hospitalized over a million times annually in the United
States. Hospitalization marks a fundamental change in the natural history of HF, leading to …

Pulmonary disease is common in patients with heart failure, through shared risk factors and
pathophysiological mechanisms. Adverse pulmonary vascular remodelling and chronic …

Extrapulmonary comorbidities are common and significant in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often contributing to symptoms, exacerbations, hospital admissions and …

While both chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) impose a substantial disease burden and share aetiological and …

Aims The epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with heart
failure (HF) is poorly described. Our aim was to investigate the determinants and prognostic …

Treatment with β-blockers is the main strategy for managing patients with heart failure and
reduced ejection fraction because of their ability to reverse the neurohumoral effects of the …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. It has been projected to move from the sixth to the third most common cause of …

Rationale: β-Blocker use is associated with improved health outcomes in patients with
cardiovascular disease. There is a general reluctance to prescribe β-blockers in patients …