Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against
biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the …

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) regulate immunity and cell
death. In Arabidopsis, a subfamily of “helper” NLRs is required by many “sensor” NLRs …

The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce
agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of
almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response …

The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for
productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants …

Calcium is an essential element needed for growth and development of plants under both
non-stressed and stress conditions. It thereby fulfills a dual function, being not only an …

At different stages throughout their life cycle, plants often encounter several pathogenic
microbes that challenge plant growth and development. The sophisticated innate plant …

Highlights•Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone with critical roles in PTI, ETI and
SAR.•Induction of SA synthesis is orchestrated via complex transcriptional regulation of …

The present scenario of agricultural sector is dependent hugely on the use of chemical-
based fertilizers and pesticides that impact the nutritional quality, health status, and …