Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been used more extensively for human immunization than any
other vaccine. For almost two centuries, VACV was employed to provide cross-protection …

The eradication of smallpox, one of the great triumphs of medicine, was accomplished
through the prophylactic administration of live vaccinia virus, a comparatively benign relative …

Smallpox vaccines based on replicating vaccinia virus are known to elicit rare yet serious
adverse events, particularly in human populations with immune deficiency, atopic dermatitis …

Despite the growing use of poxvirus vectors as vaccine candidates for multiple pathogens
and cancers, their innate stimulatory properties remain poorly characterized. Here we show …

Application of viral vectors derived from human viruses to mediate immune response in
animals and humans has been greatly hampered by the problems associated with pre …

The live smallpox vaccine was a historical first and highly effective vaccine. However, along
with high immunogenicity, the vaccinia virus (VACV) caused serious side effects in …

Few diseases can match the enormous impact that smallpox has had on mankind. Its
influence can be seen in the earliest recorded histories of ancient civilizations in Egypt and …

Abstract Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a tissue culture-derived, highly attenuated
strain of vaccinia virus (VACV) exhibiting characteristic defective replication in cells from …

Background The highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain NYVAC expressing HIV-1
components has been evaluated as a vaccine candidate in preclinical and clinical trials with …

Induction of CD8+ T cell immunity is a key characteristic of an effective vaccine. For safety
reasons, human vaccination strategies largely use attenuated nonreplicating or weakly …