The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of defensive
antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. The main source of free …

Astrocytes provide key neuronal support, and their phenotypic transformation is implicated in
neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolically, astrocytes possess low mitochondrial oxidative …

Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular energetics, metabolism, signaling, and quality
control and have been linked to various diseases. Different views exist on the composition of …

Most of the genetic information has been lost or transferred to the nucleus during the
evolution of mitochondria. Nevertheless, mitochondria have retained their own genome that …

Abstract Mitochondria contain about 1,000–1,500 proteins that fulfil multiple functions.
Mitochondrial proteins originate from two genomes: mitochondrial and nuclear. Hence …

The expression of mitochondrial genes is regulated in response to the metabolic needs of
different cell types, but the basic mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly …

Mitochondria are cellular organelles responsible for generation of chemical energy in the
process called oxidative phosphorylation. They originate from a bacterial ancestor and …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …

Mitochondria are essential organelles that execute and coordinate various metabolic
processes in the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction severely affects cell fitness and contributes …