This review is a revisit of various oral drug absorption models developed in the past
decades, focusing on how to incorporate the physiological dynamics in the upper …

Fluid sampling from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been applied as a valuable tool to gain
more insight into the fluids present in the human GI tract and to explore the dynamic …

Background Physiologically-based population pharmacokinetic modeling (popPBPK)
coupled with in vitro biopharmaceutics tools such as biorelevant dissolution testing can …

The application of in silico modeling to predict the in vivo outcome of an oral drug product is
gaining a lot of interest. Fully relying on these models as a surrogate tool requires …

Delayed gastric emptying is known to have a major impact on drug absorption. While the test
meal recommended by the FDA and EMA to study food effects represents a worst-case …

The application of preclinical in vitro and in silico models can help formulation scientists to
predict the in vivo performance of a drug in an early stage of oral drug product development …

Over the past few decades, in silico modeling of organ systems has significantly furthered
our understanding of their physiology and biomechanical function. In spite of the relative …

Enteric coatings have shown in vivo dissolution rates that are poorly predicted by traditional
in vitro tests, with the in vivo dissolution being considerably slower than in vitro. To provide a …

A TIM-1 model is an in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) simulator considering crucial physiological
parameters that will affect the in vivo drug release process. The outcome of these …

The rate and extent of drug dissolution and absorption from a solid oral dosage form depend
largely on the fluid volume along the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, a model built upon the …