Intraspecific variation plays a critical role in extant and future forest responses to climate
change. Forest tree species with wide climatic niches rely on the intraspecific variation …

Pine resin is a non-wood forest product that has been used for multiple purposes since
ancient times throughout the world. In recent years, resin tapping activity has increased in …

Conifers have evolved different chemical and anatomical defences against a wide range of
antagonists. Resin ducts produce, store and translocate oleoresin, a complex terpenoid …

Despite long-standing interest in local adaptation of plants to their biotic and abiotic
environment, existing theory, and many case studies, little work to date has addressed within …

Pine resin is a highly valuable and sought-after non-timber forest product with multiple uses
in many industrial sectors. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is the main tapped species in …

Pine trees produce large amounts of oleoresin to defend against biotic threats. Resin is
highly costly to produce and investment in its production must be accurately optimized in …

Quantifying intraspecific genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity of traits involved in
drought tolerance is essential to forecast forest tree vulnerability to climate change. Tree ring …

The resource availability hypothesis (RAH) was formulated to disentangle patterns of
variation among species in plant antiherbivore defences. A novel theoretical framework was …

Resin ducts are important anatomical defensive traits related to biotic resistance in conifers.
Previous studies have reported intraspecific genetic variation in resin duct characteristics …

Phenotypic plasticity is a main mechanism for sessile organisms to cope with changing
environments. Plasticity is genetically based and can evolve under natural selection so that …