RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) or its previous synonym CIOMS
(Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences) is a well established tool in …

CYP2C9 is the most abundant CYP2C subfamily enzyme in human liver and the most
important contributor from this subfamily to drug metabolism. Polymorphisms resulting in …

Abstract Background & Aims Preclinical identification of compounds at risk of causing drug
induced liver injury (DILI) remains a significant challenge in drug development, highlighting …

Abstract The cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes first attracted interest because of their
relevance to the metabolism of drugs, steroids, and carcinogens. Collectively, the 57 human …

Background: A large number of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (iDILI) and herb
induced liver injury (HILI) cases of variable quality has been published but some are a …

Interest in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has dramatically increased over the past decade,
and it has become a hot topic for clinicians, academics, pharmaceutical companies and …

There is considerable evidence that susceptibility to idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury
(DILI) is genetically determined. Though genetic associations with DILI have been reported …

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major clinical and regulatory challenge. As a result,
interest in DILI biomarkers is growing. So far, considerable progress has been made in …

Inhibition of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) has been linked to incidence of drug-induced
liver injury (DILI), presumably by the accumulation of toxic bile acids in the liver. We have …

Owing to retained hepatic phenotypes and functions, human three-dimensional (3D) hepatic
models established with diverse hepatic cell types are thought to recoup the gaps in drug …