Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for malignant tumors. However, the acquired
drug resistance hinders clinical efficacy and leads to treatment failure in most patients …

Insulin resistance (IR), designated as the blunted response of insulin target tissues to
physiological level of insulin, plays crucial roles in the development and progression of …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), one of the most common types of stem cells, are involved
in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). With the advancement of …

The burden of lung diseases is gradually increasing with an increase in the average human
life expectancy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective methods to treat lung diseases …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders,
characterized by an initial and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia …

Accumulating studies reveal that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote skin wound
healing mainly through the paracrine effects. Exosomes, one of the crucial paracrine …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane
and include microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and exomeres. Exosome …

Cardiac injury, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, remains a significant global
health burden. The limited regenerative capacity of the adult heart poses a challenge for …

Despite the tremendous efforts of many researchers and clinicians, cancer remains the
second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are …

Cancer, a prevalent and complex disease, presents a significant challenge to the medical
community. It is characterized by irregular cell differentiation, excessive proliferation …