Depression, a severe psychiatric disorder, has been studied for decades, but the underlying
mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Depression is closely associated with alterations …

For more than 20 years, we have known that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
(CaMKII) activation is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of long-term …

The introduction of high-resolution time lapse imaging and molecular biological tools has
changed dramatically the rate of progress towards the understanding of the complex …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by
synaptic dysfunction and accumulation of abnormal aggregates formed by amyloid‐β …

The aberrant activity of Ras homologous (Rho) family small GTPases (20 human members)
has been implicated in cancer and other human diseases. However, in contrast to the direct …

Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are a family of scaffold proteins that are
highly enriched in synapses and are responsible for organizing the numerous protein …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an adult onset neurodegenerative disease that is characterized
by selective degeneration of neurons primarily in the substantia nigra. At present, the …

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a multifaceted serine/threonine kinase protein with
important roles in the nervous system. Two related proteins, p35 and p39, activate Cdk5 …

Synapses are specialized cell–cell contacts that mediate communication between neurons.
Most excitatory synapses in the brain are housed on dendritic spines, small actin-rich …

Dendritic spines are specialized structures on neuronal processes where the majority of
excitatory synapses are localized. Spines are highly dynamic, and their stabilization and …