The demands of both mental and physical activity are integrated with the dynamic control of
internal bodily states. The set of neural interactions that supports autonomic regulation …

Catecholamines are endogenous neurosignalling mediators and hormones. They are
integral in maintaining homeostasis by promptly responding to any stressor. Their synthetic …

While both sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) and stress-induced
cardiomyopathy (SICMP) are common in patients with sepsis, the pathogenesis of the 2 …

Abstract “Stunned myocardium,” characterized by reversible left ventricular dysfunction, was
first described via animal models using transient coronary artery occlusion. However, this …

Objectives: Reversible stress-induced cardiac dysfunction is frequently seen as a
complication of a multitude of acute stress states, in particular neurologic injuries. This …

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a severe but reversible acute heart failure syndrome that
occurs following high catecholaminergic stress. TTS patients are similar to those with acute …

Neurologic stunned myocardium (NSM) is a phenomenon where neurologic events give rise
to cardiac abnormalities. Neurologic events like stroke and seizures cause sympathetic …

Cardiac alterations are frequently observed after acute neurological disorders. Takotsubo
syndrome (TTS) represents an acute heart failure syndrome and is increasingly recognized …

Objective The link between brain function and cardiovascular dynamics is an important
issue yet to be elucidated completely. The insula is a neocortical brain area that is thought to …

Extracerebral complications, especially pulmonary and cardiovascular, are frequent in brain-
injured patients and are major outcome determinants. Two major pathways have been …