Large herbivores play unique ecological roles and are disproportionately imperiled by
human activity. As many wild populations dwindle towards extinction, and as interest grows …

Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

During the late Miocene epoch, about seven million years ago, large areas of the continents
experienced drying, enhanced seasonality, and a restructuring of terrestrial plant and animal …

How coniferous forests evolved in the Northern Hemisphere remains largely unknown.
Unlike most groups of organisms that generally follow a latitudinal diversity gradient, most …

Decrypting the rearrangements that drive mammalian chromosome evolution is critical to
understanding the molecular bases of speciation, adaptation, and disease susceptibility …

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have been present on Earth's terrestrial surfaces for billions
of years. They are a critical part of ecosystem processes in dryland regions, as they cover …

The widespread extirpation of megafauna may have destabilized ecosystems and altered
biodiversity globally. Most megafauna extinctions occurred before the modern record …

Bastin et al.'s estimate (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) that tree planting for climate change
mitigation could sequester 205 gigatonnes of carbon is approximately five times too large …

An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated …

As the Anthropocene advances, there are few parts of Earth that have not been impacted by
human influence. Humans have had a long-sustained interaction with grassy ecosystems …