Alopecia areata (AA) is a relapsing, chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by
nonscarring, inflammatory hair loss that can affect any hair-bearing site. AA clinical …

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune dermatological disease with multifactorial etiology
and is characterized by reversible hair loss in patches. AA may be closely related to …

The JAK-STAT signaling pathway mediates important cellular processes such as immune
response, carcinogenesis, cell differentiation, division and death. Therefore, drugs that …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, non-scarring, immune-mediated skin disease that affects
approximately 0.5–2% of the global population. The etiology of AA is complex and involves …

Mesotherapy is a technique by which lower doses of therapeutic agents and bioactive
substances are administered by intradermal injections to the skin. Through intradermal …

The epithelial–immune microenvironment (EIME) of epithelial tissues has five common
elements:(1) microbial flora,(2) barrier,(3) epithelial cells,(4) immune cells, and (5) …

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the hair follicles, resulting in
patchy recurrent hair loss. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the favourable …

Both alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo share common pathogenesis involving, interferon‐γ
(IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) signalling pathways that activate cytotoxic CD8+ T …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, tissue-specific autoimmune disorder, characterized by non-
scaring hair loss, with a global prevalence of approximately 2%. Typically, it affects a young …

Background Scalp hair plays a crucial role in social communication by expressing personal
appearance and self-identity. Consequently, hair loss often leads to a perception of …