A formal definition of brain-computer interface (BCI) is as follows: a system that acquires
brain signal activity and translates it into an output that can replace, restore, enhance …

The disorders of consciousness refer to clinical conditions that follow a severe head injury.
Patients diagnosed as in a vegetative state lack awareness, while patients diagnosed as in …

Objectives To assess awareness in subjects who are in a minimally conscious state by using
an electroencephalogram-based brain-computer interface (BCI), and to determine whether …

Background For patients with disorders of consciousness such as coma, a vegetative state
or a minimally conscious state, one challenge is to detect and assess the residual cognitive …

Imagination of movement can be used as a control method for a brain-computer interface
(BCI) allowing communication for the physically impaired. Visual feedback within such a …

The Fifth International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting met on 3–7 June 2013 at the
Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, USA. The conference included 19 …

Patients diagnosed with complete locked in syndrome (CLIS) or a disorder of consciousness
(DOC) have no reliable control of voluntary movements. Hence, assessing their cognitive …

Patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) are difficult to assess both because of their
unpredictable fluctuation of awareness and the current adopted scales, which have a poor …

Sensorimotor rhythm-based brain-computer interfaces (SMR-BCI) may enable patients with
prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDoC) or severe physical impairment to learn to …

Qualitative clinical assessments of the recovery of awareness after severe brain injury
require an assessor to differentiate purposeful behaviour from spontaneous behaviour. As …