Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have
evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis …

1. Why Do We Measure Stress? 2. Quantifying Stress 3. Specific Measures of Fish Stress
3.1. Cellular and Molecular Indicators 3.2. Primary and Secondary Physiological Indicators …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes or oncosomes, often carry oncogenic
molecules derived from tumor cells. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that tumor …

We present a framework to explain how prey stress responses to predation can resolve
context dependency in ecosystem properties and functions such as food chain length …

Most sources of stress in aquaculture, fish salvage, stocking programs, and commercial and
sport fisheries may be unavoidable. Collecting, handling, sorting, holding, and transporting …

The process of nutrient transfer through an ecosystem is an important determinant of
production, food-chain length, and species diversity. The general view is that the rate and …

In many animal societies, dominant individuals monopolize reproduction, but the tactics they
employ to achieve this are poorly understood. One possibility is that aggressive dominants …

Summary 1 Despite its wide ecological relevance, we know little about the physiological
mechanisms underlying the growth vs. mortality by predation trade‐off. Here, we test for two …

Anthropogenic noise in the ocean has increased substantially in recent decades, and
motorized vessels produce what is likely the most common form of underwater noise …

Biological invasions, still occurring worldwide at an alarming rate, are widely acknowledged
as threats to the integrity and functioning of ecosystems. In addition to introducing disease …