Trichinellosis, caused by Trichinella, is an emerging or re-emerging zoonotic parasitic
disease, which is distributed worldwide with major socio-economic importance in some …

Trichinellosis caused by Trichinella spiralis is a worldwide food-borne parasitic zoonosis.
Several approaches have been performed to control T. spiralis infection, including veterinary …

Background Trichinellosis is a serious zoonositc parasitosis worldwide. Because its clinical
manifestations aren't specific, the diagnosis of trichinellosis is not easy to be made …

Trichinella spiralis is a unique parasite in that both the adults and larvae survive in two
different intracellular niches in the same host. The immune response, albeit intense, is highly …

Background The excretory–secretory (ES) antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML)
are the most commonly used diagnostic antigens for trichinellosis. Their main disadvantage …

Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of trichinellosis, is able to infect a wide range of
carnivores and omnivores including human beings. In the past 30 years, a mass of …

The gut microbiota plays an important role in parasite-host interactions and the induction of
immune defense responses. Trichinella spiralis is an important zoonotic parasite that can …

Parasitic helminths secrete and excrete a vast array of molecules known to help skew or
suppress the host's immune response, thereby establishing a niche for sustained parasite …

Trichinella spiralis can modulate host immune responses to retain a suitable environment for
its long-term survival. Incidentally, the parasite elicits regulatory effects through …

At the intestinal stage of a Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection, the excretory-secretory
(ES) antigens produced by adult worms (AWs) result in an early exposure to the host's …