Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks

BN Breizman, P Aleynikov, EM Hollmann… - Nuclear …, 2019 - iopscience.iop.org
Of all electrons, runaway electrons have long been recognized in the fusion community as a
distinctive population. They now attract special attention as a part of ITER mission …

Runaway electron beam generation and mitigation during disruptions at JET-ILW

C Reux, V Plyusnin, B Alper, D Alves, B Bazylev… - Nuclear …, 2015 - iopscience.iop.org
Disruptions are a major operational concern for next generation tokamaks, including ITER.
They may generate excessive heat loads on plasma facing components, large …

Hot tail runaway electron generation in tokamak disruptions

HM Smith, E Verwichte - Physics of plasmas, 2008 - pubs.aip.org
Hot tail runaway electron generation is caused by incomplete thermalization of the electron
velocity distribution during rapid plasma cooling. It is an important runaway electron …

Role of kinetic instability in runaway-electron avalanches and elevated critical electric fields

C Liu, E Hirvijoki, GY Fu, DP Brennan, A Bhattacharjee… - Physical review …, 2018 - APS
The effects of kinetic whistler wave instabilities on the runaway-electron (RE) avalanche is
investigated. With parameters from experiments at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, we …

Effect of partially ionized impurities and radiation on the effective critical electric field for runaway generation

L Hesslow, O Embréus, GJ Wilkie… - Plasma Physics and …, 2018 - iopscience.iop.org
We derive a formula for the effective critical electric field for runaway generation and decay
that accounts for the presence of partially ionized impurities in combination with synchrotron …

Effect of partially screened nuclei on fast-electron dynamics

L Hesslow, O Embréus, A Stahl, TC DuBois, G Papp… - Physical review …, 2017 - APS
We analyze the dynamics of fast electrons in plasmas containing partially ionized impurity
atoms, where the screening effect of bound electrons must be included. We derive analytical …

[HTML][HTML] Linkage of electron emission and breakdown mechanism theories from quantum scales to Paschen's law

AM Loveless, AM Darr, AL Garner - Physics of Plasmas, 2021 - pubs.aip.org
Numerous applications such as micro-and nanoelectromechanical systems, microplasmas,
and directed energy increasingly drive device miniaturization to nanoscale and from vacuum …

Growth and decay of runaway electrons above the critical electric field under quiescent conditions

C Paz-Soldan, NW Eidietis, R Granetz… - Physics of …, 2014 - pubs.aip.org
Extremely low density operation free of error field penetration supports the excitation of trace-
level quiescent runaway electron (RE) populations during the flat-top of DIII-D Ohmic …

Suppression of bremsstrahlung losses from relativistic plasma with energy cutoff

VR Munirov, NJ Fisch - Physical Review E, 2023 - APS
We study the effects of redistributing superthermal electrons on bremsstrahlung radiation
from hot relativistic plasma. We consider thermal and nonthermal distribution of electrons …

Runaway electron generation during disruptions in the J-TEXT tokamak

L Zeng, ZY Chen, YB Dong, HR Koslowski… - Nuclear …, 2017 - iopscience.iop.org
A systematic study of disruption-generated runaway electrons has been performed in the J-
TEXT tokamak. During the intended disruption by the argon injection in J-TEXT, the runaway …