As the atmosphere warms, part of the cloud population shifts from ice and mixed-phase
('cold') to liquid ('warm') clouds. Because warm clouds are more reflective and longer-lived …

Boreal forest acts as a carbon sink and contributes to the formation of secondary organic
aerosols via emission of aerosol precursor compounds. However, these influences on the …

Tropical cirrus clouds, ie, any type of ice cloud with tops above 400 hPa, play a critical role in
the climate system and are a major source of uncertainty in our understanding of global …

General circulation models'(GCMs) estimates of the liquid water path adjustment to
anthropogenic aerosol emissions differ in sign from other lines of evidence. This reduces …

The estimation of cloud radiative forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions, RFaci (also
known as the first indirect effect), relies on approximating the cloud albedo susceptibility to …

Supercooled clouds substantially impact polar surface energy budgets, but large-scale
models often underestimate their occurrence, which motivates accurately establishing …

Abstract The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) allows estimates of
effective radiative forcing (ERF) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six …

A Lagrangian framework is used to evaluate aerosol–cloud interactions in the US
Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) version 1 (E3SMv1) …

Increased anthropogenic aerosol concentrations modify cloud micro-and macrophysical
properties and precipitation, which significantly impacts the global hydrological cycle and …

In a quest to represent the Earth system, climate models have become more and more
complex. This generates problems, for example, hindering model interpretability. This study …