Time in the biological sense is measured by cycles that range from milliseconds to years.
Circadian rhythms, which measure time on a scale of 24 h, are generated by one of the most …

Photoreactivation1, 2 is the reversal of the harmful effects, such as growth delay,
mutagenesis, and killing, of far UV (200-300 nm) on organisms by concurrent or subsequent …

Light synchronizes mammalian circadian rhythms with environmental time by modulating
retinal input to the circadian pacemaker—the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the …

1 Non‐image forming, irradiance‐dependent responses mediated by the human eye include
synchronisation of the circadian axis and suppression of pineal melatonin production. The …

The article presents the result of a study which examined DNA repair through photolyase in
Escherichia coli and nucleotide excision repair in both microorganism and humans. The …

In the mammalian retina, besides the conventional rod–cone system, a melanopsin-
associated photoreceptive system exists that conveys photic information for accessory visual …

Life on earth is subject to alternating cycles of day and night imposed by the rotation of the
earth. Consequently, living things have evolved photodetective systems to synchronize their …

The master circadian oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained to
the day/night cycle by retinal photoreceptors. Melanopsin (Opn4), an opsin-based …

The circadian clock is a widespread cellular mechanism that underlies diverse rhythmic
functions in organisms from bacteria and fungi, to plants and animals. Intense genetic …

This work demonstrates that transgenic mice lacking both rod and cone photoreceptors
(rd/rd cl) retain a pupillary light reflex (PLR) that does not rely on local iris photoreceptors …