The growth hormone receptor (GHR), although most well known for regulating growth, has
many other important biological functions including regulating metabolism and controlling …

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a dimeric molecule that exerts its biological functions by binding to
and activating the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit. Activation of c-Kit leads to its …

Overconsumption of high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk factors for
developing obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. Here we have dissected …

Consistent evidence associates IGF-1 deficiency and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we
will focus on the metabolic effects of IGF-1, the concept of metabolic syndrome and its …

Puberty is a time of considerable metabolic and hormonal change. Notably, puberty is
associated with a marked decrease in insulin sensitivity, on par with that seen during …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) evolved from a single enzyme that regulates
vesicle trafficking in unicellular eukaryotes into a family of enzymes that regulate cellular …

The somatogenic and lactogenic hormones of the placenta and maternal pituitary gland
integrate the metabolic adaptations of pregnancy with the demands of fetal and neonatal …

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has doubled over the last 6–8 years
and is paralleling the obesity epidemic. GDM carries longterm implications for the …

The incidence of obesity and overweight has reached epidemic levels in the United States
and developed countries worldwide. Even more alarming is the increasing prevalence of …

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is closely related to insulin but has distinct metabolic
actions. IGF-I is an important stimulant of protein synthesis in muscle, but it also stimulates …