In this year there is the 40th anniversary of the first publication of plant nitric oxide (NO)
emission by Lowell Klepper. In the decades since then numerous milestone discoveries …

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signal molecule in plants, having myriad
roles in plant development. In addition, NO also orchestrates both biotic and abiotic stress …

Plants develop responses to abiotic stresses, like Fe deficiency. Similarly, plants also
develop responses to cope with biotic stresses provoked by biological agents, like …

The chloroplast has recently emerged as pivotal to co‐ordinating plant defence responses
and as a target of plant pathogens. Beyond its central position in oxygenic photosynthesis …

Second messengers are cellular chemicals that act as “language codes”, allowing cells to
pass outside information to the cell interior. The cells then respond through triggering …

Chloroplasts are key players in plant immune signaling, contributing to not only de novo
synthesis of defensive phytohormones but also the generation of reactive oxygen and …

Melatonin is an essential phytohormone in the regulation of many plant processes, including
during plant development and in response to stress. Pathogen infections cause serious …

Nitric oxide (NO) is perfectly suited for the role of a redox signalling molecule. A key route for
NO bioactivity occurs via protein S‐nitrosation, and involves the addition of a NO moiety to a …

In agriculture, heat stress (HS) has become one of the eminent abiotic threats to crop growth,
productivity and nutritional security because of the continuous increase in global mean …

When confronted with heat stress, plants depend on the timely activation of cellular defences
to survive by perceiving the rising temperature. However, how plants sense heat at the …