Climate science is coming under increasing pressure to deliver projections of future climate
change at spatial scales as small as a few kilometres for use in impacts studies. But is our …

In this review article we summarize recent results in the coupling of the stratosphere–
mesosphere during stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events. We focus on the role of …

A major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in January 2009 was the strongest and most
prolonged on record. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations are used to …

The 2015/16 Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere appeared to have the greatest
potential yet seen for record Arctic ozone loss. Temperatures in the Arctic lower stratosphere …

Major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), vortex formation, and final breakdown dates
are key highlight points of the stratospheric polar vortex. These phenomena are relevant for …

Climate change is expected to increase winter rainfall and flooding in many extratropical
regions as evaporation and precipitation rates increase, storms become more intense and …

The intense cyclonic vortices that form over the winter pole are one of the most prominent
features of the stratospheric circulation. The structure and dynamics of these “polar vortices” …

Using state-of-the-art models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5
and 6 (CMIP5/6), future changes of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events under a …

We present an analysis of the major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in the Arctic
winters 2003/04–2009/10. There were 6 major SSWs (major warmings [MWs]) in 6 out of the …

Stratospheric transport and polar processing during the 2014/2015 Arctic winter were
strongly influenced by a minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in early January …