Bacteria have to cope with oxidative stress caused by distinct Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS), derived not only from normal aerobic metabolism but also from oxidants present in …

The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens causes difficult-to-treat
infections with long-term hospitalizations and a high incidence of death, thus representing a …

The polyamines (PAs) spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine are an essential
class of metabolites found throughout all kingdoms of life. In this comprehensive review, we …

Deeper understanding of antibiotic-induced physiological responses is critical to identifying
means for enhancing our current antibiotic arsenal. Bactericidal antibiotics with diverse …

Improvements in DNA synthesis and sequencing have underpinned comprehensive
assessment of gene function in bacteria and eukaryotes. Genome-wide analyses require …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can attack a diverse range of targets to exert antimicrobial
activity, which accounts for their versatility in mediating host defense against a broad range …

This review examines the role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and
halogen RHS) on innate immunity. The importance of these species in innate immunity was …

Many physiological changes occur in response to endurance exercise in order to adapt to
the increasing energy needs, mitochondria biogenesis, increased reactive oxygen species …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are attractive weapons in both antibiotic-mediated killing
and host-mediated killing. However, the involvement of ROS in antibiotic-mediated killing …

Copper is a required micronutrient for bacteria and an essential cofactor for redox‐active
cuproenzymes. Yet, excess copper is extremely toxic, and is exploited as a bacteriocide in …