Micturition, or urination, occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3
to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. The neural circuitry that controls this process …

BACKGROUND: Treatment of human bladder overactivity with intradetrusor Botulinum-A
neurotoxin (BoNT/A) injections temporarily blocks the presynaptic release of acetylcholine …

Purpose: Treatment options for patients with overactive bladder refractory to anticholinergics
are limited. We assessed the dose response across a range of doses of onabotulinumtoxinA …

Purpose: We compared 200 U intradetrusor botulinum toxin A vs placebo in women with
refractory idiopathic urge incontinence. Materials and Methods: This institutional review …

Purpose: We evaluated the use of botulinum toxin-A in treating patients with idiopathic
detrusor overactivity refractory to anticholinergics. Materials and Methods: This double-blind …

CONTEXT: The increasing body of evidence and number of potential indications for the use
of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) in the lower urinary tract (LUT) underlines the pressing …

OBJECTIVES: This systematic literature review discusses the efficacy and safety of
botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) intradetrusor injections in adults with neurogenic detrusor …

Aims We assessed the effects of onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®) on clinical and urodynamic
variables in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary urgency …

PURPOSE: We determined the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA for neurogenic detrusor
overactivity secondary to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND …

The authors concluded that the evidence did not allow definitive conclusions on the relative
benefit and harm of different treatments to achieve similar results. High-quality research was …