Background The homeostasis of metal ions, such as iron, copper, zinc and calcium, in the
brain is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions. Studies have shown that …

Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless cell compartments formed in response to different
stress stimuli, wherein translation factors, mRNAs, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and other …

The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and
is known to form highly neurotoxic prefibrillar oligomeric aggregates, which are difficult to …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder that
is characterized by amyloid β-protein deposition in senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles …

The collapse of neural networks important for memory and cognition, including death of
neurons and degeneration of synapses, causes the debilitating dementia associated with …

Mammalian cells remove misfolded proteins using various proteolytic systems, including the
ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS), chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA) and …

The importance of neuroglia in maintaining normal brain function under physiological and
pathological conditions has been supported by growing evidence in recent years. The most …

Evidence for an ever-expanding variety of molecular mediators of amyloid β-protein
neurotoxicity (membrane lipids, receptor proteins, channel proteins, second messengers …

Reactive oxygen species are constantly produced in aerobic organisms as by-products of
normal oxygen metabolism and include free radicals such as superoxide anion (O 2−) and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1− 3 is the most common form of dementia (estimated∼ 50− 60%
of all cases), associated with loss of memory (in particular episodic memory), cognitive …