Roads, railways and rail transit lines play major roles in transporting passengers and freight.
In the design process for such transportation infrastructures, the alignment determination …

The design and planning of railway alignments is the dominant task in railway construction.
However, it is difficult to achieve self‐learning and learning from human experience with …

The vertical alignment optimization is about developing a minimum cost curvilinear vertical
profile of constrained grade sections and appropriate non‐overlapping vertical curves …

Optimizing highway alignments is a very complex engineering problem. The factors that
should be considered in the design process are complex and interrelated. Although several …

This paper presents an intelligent optimization tool that assists planners and designers in
finding preferable highway alignments, connecting specified endpoints or zones. It …

Optimizing highway alignment requires a versatile set of cost functions and an efficient
search method to achieve the best design. Because of numerous highway design …

Various challenging constraints must be satisfied in railway alignment design for
topographically complex mountainous regions. The alignment design for such environments …

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of recent developments in three-dimensional
(3D) analysis for transportation planning and highway design. As background, the concept …

In highway design we should try to select an economical alignment based on topography,
soil conditions, socioeconomic considerations, and other factors, while subject to a set of …

Railway alignment design is complex and time-consuming, especially for mountainous
areas where the natural terrain gradient between the start and end points greatly exceeds …