Even if anthropogenic warming were constrained to less than 2° C above pre-industrial, the
Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will continue to lose mass this century, with rates similar …

Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet quadrupled over the past two decades, contributing
a quarter of the observed global sea-level rise. Increased submarine melting is thought to …

The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted 1 using
ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using …

Ice flow models of the Antarctic ice sheet are commonly used to simulate its future evolution
in response to different climate scenarios and inform on the mass loss that would contribute …

Geological data indicate that global mean sea level has fluctuated on 10 3 to 10 6 yr time
scales during the last∼ 25 million years, at times reaching 20 m or more above modern. If …

Floating ice shelves, which fringe most of Antarctica's coastline, regulate ice flow into the
Southern Ocean,–. Their thinning,,–or disintegration, can cause upstream acceleration of …

Antarctica's ice shelves modulate the grounded ice flow, and weakening of ice shelves due
to climate forcing will decrease their 'buttressing'effect, causing a response in the grounded …

Global-scale 21st-century glacier mass change projections from six published global glacier
models are systematically compared as part of the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project. In …

The sea level contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet constitutes a large uncertainty in future
sea level projections. Here we apply a linear response theory approach to 16 state-of-the-art …

The choice of the best basal friction law to use in ice‐sheet models remains a source of
uncertainty in projections of sea level. The parameters in commonly used friction laws can …