Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential analytical method in every sector of
science and technology. Because of its unique ability to provide direct molecular structure …

In this investigation, the chip-last, redistribution-layer (RDL)–first, fan-out panel-level
packaging (FOPLP) for heterogeneous integration is studied. Emphasis is placed on the …

This paper is about the use of optical emission spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool to
determine the gas discharge parameters of a direct current (98% Ar–2% H2) non-thermal …

Plasma carburizing of 12CrNi2 alloy steel fabricated by laser melting deposition was carried
out in a propane-containing atmosphere at temperature of 930° C with and without hollow …

Detection of explosives at trace levels is crucial for security purposes because of increasing
worldwide terrorist threats at public places. Previously, a hollow cathode discharge (HCD) …

Detection of illicit compounds like explosives and drugs of abuse at trace levels is crucial to
provide public security and health safety. A dual ambient sampling system hollow cathode …

Low-temperature plasma nitriding is a thermochemical surface treatment that promotes
surface hardening and wear resistance enhancement without compromising the corrosion …

In this work, electrical and optical studies of SF 6 and SF 6/O 2 plasmas generated in a
hollow cathode reactive ion etching reactor were performed using the Langmuir probe and …

We present an experimental comparison of parallel plate and hollow cathode microplasma
structures, operated at high pressure with narrow anode–cathode gaps. A moveable anode …

Hollow cathode discharge (HCD) is widely used in material processing and plasma
emission spectroscopy due to several advantages over other plasma sources. Basically, the …