Substance use disorders (SUDs), defined as a collection of symptoms including tolerance
and withdrawal, are chronic illnesses characterized by relapse and remission. In the United …

Drug use represents a significant burden to public health through disease, disability and
social problems, and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in how to develop …

Background Substance use during pregnancy and motherhood is both a public health and
criminal justice concern. Negative health consequences associated with substance use …

Public discourses on health increasingly emphasise the environment. While harm reduction
has developed in parallel with the new public health movement, and both seek to encourage …

A comparative risk assessment of drugs including alcohol and tobacco using the margin of
exposure (MOE) approach was conducted. The MOE is defined as ratio between …

Methadone is widely used for the treatment of opioid dependence. Although in most
countries the drug is administered as a racemic mixture of (R)-and (S)-methadone,(R) …

AIM: To summarize the major findings of the five Cochrane reviews on substitution
maintenance treatments for opioid dependence. METHODS: We conducted a narrative and …

Background Studies in Europe have suggested that injectable diacetylmorphine, the active
ingredient in heroin, can be an effective adjunctive treatment for chronic, relapsing opioid …

Background Maintenance treatments are effective in retaining patients in treatment and
suppressing heroin use. Questions remain regarding the efficacy of additional psychosocial …

Opioid dependence is a problem of national concern, especially with dramatically increased
rates of abuse and dependence of prescription opioids. The current article provides an up-to …