Bacterial protein synthesis rates have evolved to maintain preferred stoichiometries at
striking precision, from the components of protein complexes to constituents of entire …

ABSTRACT Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences, the core element of prokaryotic ribosome-
binding sites, facilitate mRNA translation by base-pair interaction with the anti-SD (aSD) …

In the early stage of bacterial translation, peptidyl-tRNAs frequently dissociate from the
ribosome (pep-tRNA drop-off) and are recycled by peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. Here, we …

Ribosomes polymerize nascent peptides through repeated inter-subunit rearrangements
between the classic and hybrid states. The peptidyl-tRNA, the intermediate species during …

Bacterial mRNAs have short life cycles, in which transcription is rapidly followed by
translation and degradation within seconds to minutes. The resulting diversity of mRNA …

Ribosome pauses are associated with various cotranslational events and determine the fate
of mRNAs and proteins. Thus, the identification of precise pause sites across the …

In response to environmental changes, cells flexibly and rapidly alter gene expression
through translational controls. In plants, the translation of NIP5; 1, a boric acid diffusion …

During protein biosynthesis, ribosomes bind to messenger (m) RNA, locate its protein-
coding information, and translate the nucleotide triplets sequentially as codons into the …

Kasugamycin (KSG) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used in agriculture and exhibits
considerable medical potential. Previous studies suggested that KSG interferes with …

Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAs) are generally two-component genetic modules present in
almost every prokaryotic genome. The production of the free and active toxin is able to …