With the unique advantages of lower operational and maintenance cost, the applications of
subsurface flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater have been increasing …

Constructed wetlands are a natural alternative to technical methods of wastewater treatment.
However, our understanding of the complex processes caused by the plants …

The larger aquatic plants growing in wetlands are usually called macrophytes. These
include aquatic vascular plants, aquatic mosses and some larger algae. The presence or …

Internal transport of gases is crucial for vascular plants inhabiting aquatic, wetland or flood‐
prone environments. Diffusivity of gases in water is approximately 10 000 times slower than …

Macrophytes have several intrinsic properties that makes them an indispensable component
of constructed wetlands. The most important functions of the macrophytes in relation to the …

The main contaminant removal processes occurring in subsurface-flow constructed
wetlands treating wastewater are reviewed. Redox conditions prevailing in the wetlands are …

Enhanced development of gas-spaces beyond that due to the partial cell separation
normally found in ground parenchymas and their derivatives creates tissue commonly …

Submerged soils and the wetlands they support are of huge practical importance: in global
element cycles, as centres of biodiversity, in global food production. They are also uniquely …

It has been estimated that wetlands occupy approximately 6% of the earth's land surfaces
(Maltby 1991). They comprise fresh, brackish and salt-water marshes, inland and coastal …

Floating treatment wetlands planted with emergent macrophytes (FTWs) provide an
innovative option for treating urban stormwaters. Emergent plants grow on a mat floating on …