This literature review examines social scientific evidence regarding the existence, causes,
and effects of online echo chambers in the context of concerns about digital platforms …

Healthy democratic polities feature competing visions of a good society but also require
some level of cooperation and institutional trust. Democracy is at risk when citizens become …

Many critics raise concerns about the prevalence of 'echo chambers' on social media and
their potential role in increasing political polarization. However, the lack of available data …

Does Facebook enable ideological segregation in political news consumption? We
analyzed exposure to news during the US 2020 election using aggregated data for 208 …

Politics has in recent decades entered an era of intense polarization. Explanations have
implicated digital media, with the so-called echo chamber remaining a dominant causal …

Low levels of social interaction across class lines have generated widespread concern,,–
and are associated with worse outcomes, such as lower rates of upward income mobility …

Does the consumption of ideologically congruent news on social media exacerbate
polarization? I estimate the effects of social media news exposure by conducting a large …

Echo chambers and filter bubbles are potent metaphors that encapsulate widespread public
fear that the use of social media may limit the information that users encounter or consume …

We synthesize the literature on the recent rise of populism. First, we discuss definitions and
present descriptive evidence on the recent increase in support for populists. Second, we …

How do the Internet and social media affect political outcomes? We review empirical
evidence from the recent political economy literature, focusing primarily on work that …